Synonymer & Informasjon om | Engelsk ordet HOX

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Eksempler på bruk av HOX i en setning

• Some tetrapods, such as snakes, legless lizards, and caecilians, have evolved to become limbless via mutations of the Hox gene.
• Comparisons of genome synteny between and within species have provided an opportunity to study evolutionary processes that lead to the diversity of chromosome number and structure in many lineages across the tree of life; early discoveries using such approaches include chromosomal conserved regions in nematodes and yeast, evolutionary history and phenotypic traits of extremely conserved Hox gene clusters across animals and MADS-box gene family in plants, and karyotype evolution in mammals and plants.
• He also studies how Hox transcription functions control morphogenesis, and how changes in the Hox proteins, cofactors, and DNA targets affect morphology.
• The ParaHox gene cluster has been proposed to be a paralogue, or evolutionary sister, of the Hox gene cluster; Gene expression and functional data lends tentative support to this hypothesis, although in many animals the roles of the genes have changed in evolution, notably the Gsx gene family which plays a role in brain (not foregut) development in vertebrates.
• The larvae of the hemichordate species Schizocardium californicum and the pilidium larva of Nemertea do not express Hox genes.
• This duplication event of Evx into the Antp-class probably occurred prior to cnidarian divergence, as there are Cnidarians with Evx and without Hox class genes and vice versa.
• It has been shown that Hox genes and other developmental genes such as DLX are important for patterning the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes of the branchial arches.
• During their evolution where they have adapted to their environment and shrunk in size, they have lost least seven and possibly as many as ten percent of their Hox genes (about 15–20 percent of the total amount) and much of their transposons, and their introns are much reduced.
• Genetic studies suggest that the freshwater butterflyfish has experienced one of the greatest losses of whole Hox gene clusters in a teleost fish, with only 5 Hox clusters present after a presumed loss of 3 Hox clusters in the past.
• In animals, it is often beneficial for appendages to co-evolve, and it has been observed that fore-and hind-limbs share expression of Hox genes early in metazoan development.
• The formations of the Hox cluster and of the ParaHox cluster were results of intrachromosomal duplication, although they were initially thought to be interchromosomal.
• Rhombomeres, which extend down the embryo from the hindbrain, contain clear boundaries and each express various Hox genes that are necessary for differentiation of structures within the body.
• The limb field is a region specified by expression of certain Hox genes, a subset of homeotic genes, and T-box transcription factors – Tbx5 for forelimb or wing development, and Tbx4 for leg or hindlimb development.
• Complex communication ensues as AER-secreted FGF signals and ZPA-secreted Shh signals initiate and regulate Hox gene expression in the developing limb bud.
• The mir-10 gene is located near to the HoxB1a and HoxB3a genes within the zebrafish genome, Hox-1 and Hox-3 paralogues located on different Hox clusters are not targets of miR-10.
• The activation of these proteins by Hox genes initiates signaling cascades that involve the Wnt signaling pathway and FGF signals in limb buds.
• Many other partner proteins has been found that can both stimulate or repress eIF4E activity, such as  homeodomain containing proteins, including HoxA9, Hex/PRH, Hox 11, Bicoid, Emx-2 and Engrailed 2.
• LEDGF/p52 is shown to recruit splicing factors to H3K36 trimethylated chromatin to modulate alternative splicing, also regulates HOTTIP lncRNA, which is shown to regulate HOX genes in cis.
• Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum.
• Its homeotic Hox genes occur in either the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C) or the Bithorax complex (BX-C) discovered by Edward B.

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