Definition, Meaning, Synonyms & Anagrams | English word GRADIENT

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Definitions of GRADIENT

1. A slope or incline.
2. A rate of inclination or declination of a slope.
3. Moving by steps; walking.
4. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination.
5. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birds.
6. A gradual change in color; a color gradient; gradation.
7. (calculus, of a function) The ratio of the rates of change of a dependent variable and an independent variable, the slope of a curve's tangent.
8. (science) The rate at which a physical quantity increases or decreases relative to change in a given variable, especially distance.
9. (, calculus) A differential operator that maps each point of a scalar field to a vector pointed in the direction of the greatest rate of change of the scalar. Notation for a scalar field φ: ∇φ

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Examples of Using GRADIENT in a Sentence

• Conjugate gradient method, an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations.
• Being passive, facilitated transport does not directly require chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis in the transport step itself; rather, molecules and ions move down their concentration gradient according to the principles of diffusion.
• The gradient thus plays a fundamental role in optimization theory, where it is used to minimize a function by gradient descent.
• A specific implementation with termination criteria for a given iterative method like gradient descent, hill climbing, Newton's method, or quasi-Newton methods like BFGS, is an algorithm of an iterative method or a method of successive approximation.
• Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence.
• A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space).
• Electromagnetic waves can also propagate as "surface waves" in that they can be guided along with a refractive index gradient or along an interface between two media having different dielectric constants.
• Trophospheric waves are propagated from a place of abrupt change in the dielectric constant, or its gradient.
• Cumulus clouds are often precursors of other types of clouds, such as cumulonimbus, when influenced by weather factors such as instability, humidity, and temperature gradient.
• They arise from applying Isaac Newton's second law to fluid motion, together with the assumption that the stress in the fluid is the sum of a diffusing viscous term (proportional to the gradient of velocity) and a pressure term—hence describing viscous flow.
• It is defined to be the ratio of the rate of advection of a physical quantity by the flow to the rate of diffusion of the same quantity driven by an appropriate gradient.
• The irrotationality of a potential flow is due to the curl of the gradient of a scalar always being equal to zero.
• The barn is also the unit of area used in nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify the interaction of a nucleus with an electric field gradient.
• In its upper section, known as the Katzensteig, the Breg valley is clearly a result of glaciation, with a strikingly low gradient and landscape characterized by large Black Forest houses.
• Oftentimes it is helpful to show with the graph, the gradient of the function and several level curves.
• During his experiments, he observed that a junction of dissimilar metals produces a deflexion on a magnetic needle (compass) when exposed to a temperature gradient.
• where m is often called the slope or gradient, and b the y-intercept, which gives the point of intersection between the graph of the function and the y-axis.
• The energy from the redox reactions creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
• Built between December 1838 and June 1841 for the Great Western Railway (GWR) under the direction of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the straight tunnel descends on a 1 in 100 gradient from its eastern end.
• The railroad needed an engine terminal for helper locomotives, near to the western foot of the steep gradient toward Cumbres Pass.
• A simple statement of the law is that heat always flows spontaneously from hotter to colder regions of matter (or 'downhill' in terms of the temperature gradient).
• There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient.
• Random optimization (RO) is a family of numerical optimization methods that do not require the gradient of the problem to be optimized and RO can hence be used on functions that are not continuous or differentiable.
• It is remarkably flat; from its origin near Breckenridge, Minnesota, to the international border near Emerson, Manitoba, its gradient is only about 1:5000 (1 metre per 5 kilometres), or approximately 1 foot per mile.
• When applied to a field (a function defined on a multi-dimensional domain), it may denote any one of three operations depending on the way it is applied: the gradient or (locally) steepest slope of a scalar field (or sometimes of a vector field, as in the Navier–Stokes equations); the divergence of a vector field; or the curl (rotation) of a vector field.

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